Effect of Presidential Elections on Businesses and Business Leaders

As the saying goes, â€Å"the only thing that is constant in life is change†. If we are not sure of anything, we should be sure of the fact that the outcome of the upcoming presidential election will bring about a change to the American economy. This impact will definitely spread across all sectors of the economy including U. S. businesses and business leaders. The question, however, is what the impacts foreseeable are? I would like to say that the impacts would be dependent on the presidential candidate that wins the election. If we are to go by what they have already highlighted as their plan if elected, Barack Obama winning the election might not be good news for U. S businesses and business leaders alike. In his campaign, he made it clear that his administration would offer tax cut to middleclass families and would definitely increase the tax of CEOs and corporations. If we are to judge from this, we might as well say that while this would be good news to the average American, it is the CEOs and the U. S. businesses who would bare the weight of the tax plan. Apart from this, Obama says he would hold corporations responsible for pensions and work conditions. This might be a back breaker for U. S businesses and business leaders on the whole. On the other hand, if it the election ends with Senator John McCain emerging victorious, then corporations and Business leader should be ready for a favourable tenure. Apart from the fact that Senator McCain promises to cut corporate tax, he claims that his administration would be on the side of U. S businesses and not in their way. He promised to cut corporate tax in order to maintain employment of workers in these corporations and he seems not to be concerned about U. S businesses using their resources to expand in other regions like Senator Obama. If we are judge from this, I think that U. S businesses and business leaders would flourish and expand if He assumes office. Summarily, the crux of the whole thing is that Senator Obama economic plan would favor the middleclass workers while it could be at the detriment of U. S businesses and business leaders. On the other hand, Senator John McCain’s economic plan seems favourable to U. S businesses and business leaders as he sees them as pivotal to keeping the jobs of Americans.

Elections and Wisconsin Vote Democrat

CH. 7 Electoral Process 55. Explain why the nominating process is a critical first step in the electoral process? You have to have people nominated for office to have someone to vote for 56. Describe self-announcement, the caucus, & the convention as nominating methods. Self-nomination is the act of indicating the specific vacancy announcements for which you want to be considered. Caucus is a meeting of a political party or group to coordinate members' actions, choose group policy, or nominate candidates. 57.Compare a closed primary & an open primary explaining the key differences. In an open primary anyone can vote for any candidate in either party regardless of whether they are registered democrat or republican. In a closed primary you can only vote for someone in your registered party. 58. Explain why some candidates use the petition as a nominating device. Petition Candidates must gather a required number of voters’ signatures to get on the ballot by means of petition. Min or party and independent candidates are usually required by State law to be nominated by petition. 9. Voter turnout in primaries is usually less than half of what it is in the general elections. What steps could you take in your community to increase voter turnout in primary elections? You can have drives to get people registered and give out fliers about candidate’s positions and date of the election. 60. Explain how the states are & the federal Government is involved in regulating the electoral process. Each state has a system called the â€Å"Electoral College†. Each state has a certain amount according to the Constitution.For example if the majority of people that live in Wisconsin vote Democrat, the chosen democratic Electorates vote in choice. 61. Explain why Election Day is the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Since most residents of rural America had to travel a significant distance to the county seat in order to vote, Monday was not considered reaso nable since many people would need to begin travel on Sunday. 62. Define the role that voting precincts & polling places in the election process.Polling places are often located in facilities used for other purposes, such as  schools,  churches,  sports halls, local government  offices, or even private homes, and will each serve a similar number of people. 63. Describe the various different ways in which voters can cast their ballots. Voters will have to visit polling places in their Districts and show a voter ID. 64. Explain the role that voting devices play in the election process. It increases the turnout of people due to their laziness in attending a polling place. Elections and Wisconsin Vote Democrat CH. 7 Electoral Process 55. Explain why the nominating process is a critical first step in the electoral process? You have to have people nominated for office to have someone to vote for 56. Describe self-announcement, the caucus, & the convention as nominating methods. Self-nomination is the act of indicating the specific vacancy announcements for which you want to be considered. Caucus is a meeting of a political party or group to coordinate members' actions, choose group policy, or nominate candidates. 57.Compare a closed primary & an open primary explaining the key differences. In an open primary anyone can vote for any candidate in either party regardless of whether they are registered democrat or republican. In a closed primary you can only vote for someone in your registered party. 58. Explain why some candidates use the petition as a nominating device. Petition Candidates must gather a required number of voters’ signatures to get on the ballot by means of petition. Min or party and independent candidates are usually required by State law to be nominated by petition. 9. Voter turnout in primaries is usually less than half of what it is in the general elections. What steps could you take in your community to increase voter turnout in primary elections? You can have drives to get people registered and give out fliers about candidate’s positions and date of the election. 60. Explain how the states are & the federal Government is involved in regulating the electoral process. Each state has a system called the â€Å"Electoral College†. Each state has a certain amount according to the Constitution.For example if the majority of people that live in Wisconsin vote Democrat, the chosen democratic Electorates vote in choice. 61. Explain why Election Day is the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Since most residents of rural America had to travel a significant distance to the county seat in order to vote, Monday was not considered reaso nable since many people would need to begin travel on Sunday. 62. Define the role that voting precincts & polling places in the election process.Polling places are often located in facilities used for other purposes, such as  schools,  churches,  sports halls, local government  offices, or even private homes, and will each serve a similar number of people. 63. Describe the various different ways in which voters can cast their ballots. Voters will have to visit polling places in their Districts and show a voter ID. 64. Explain the role that voting devices play in the election process. It increases the turnout of people due to their laziness in attending a polling place.

How to successfully replace an outter vehicle CV joint Coursework

How to successfully replace an outter vehicle CV joint - Coursework Example Remove the wheel by use of wrench. And using a spanner, remove the axle nut. This is a large nut on the outside of the hub. The removal of the lower control arm from the ball joint and the hub assembly will enable the removal of the bolt from the shock and upper control arm. The tapping will facilitate the slipping out of the CV joint through the back. The axle nut should be put back halfway during this process to avoid damaging of the threads. Put the CV axle in a vise by the shaft close to the inner CV or the U-Joint. Cut the boot clamps and make sure that your CV joint is not held by on by a clip that you can see on the shaft under the boot. If there is no clip, you will want to tap lightly on the outer CV joint and then give a few good hits to knock it off the shaft. The tools involved in this are 5 lb Sledge and hammer. Make sure you wear protective glasses since the grease may fly. If it does not come out, put the axle in a vise and try again. If this goes in vain, use the hammer and break the cage to remove the ball bearings. This will expose the race, and then press the race off the shaft using the punch hammer. Cut the race in the direction of the splines on the shaft so that it does not affect the new joint going into the splines (Gilles, 2004). Put on the new boot and slide it to the inner out of the way. Fill the CV joint with grease, and a little of it on the ‘C’ clip. Line the outer CV joint with the splines of the shaft and place the axle nut on the threads halfway to avoid damaging the threads. In conclusion, these processes should be observed keenly, to avoid damage to other parts of the vehicle especially during the removal of the wrecked CV joint. A step by step procedure with keen observation will lead to excellent replacement of the wrecked joint with a new

Clinical Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Clinical Psychology - Essay Example As the psychiatrist, it is necessary to initiate the talk in going back to the past negative experience of the patient. In doing so, the psychiatrist should first win the patient’s trust. Establishing ‘trust’ by being empathetic with the patient is necessary for the patient to open up his thoughts to the psychiatrist. Being empathic with the patient has to flow smoothly. It is important for the psychologist not to over do empathy since it could only lead the patient to maintain a distance with the psychiatrist. The psychiatric should carefully determine the culture of the patient. In general, culture is directly related to how the patient behaves and reacts on certain circumstances.1 For instance, as part of American culture, it is against the U.S. law for parents to physically hit any of their children. Therefore, there is a higher rate that individuals in the United States will grow up with a higher rate of speaking out their own emotional concerns. On the other hand, parents who are living in the Asian countries have a stronger hold on their children since these countries have a lesser chance of having a law stating that parents cannot physically hit their children. In fact, some parents in Asia are ‘spanking’ their children as part of disciplining them. Eventually, psychiatrist should be able to apply the psychic determinism theory since it is a fact that there will always be a reason behind how a person projects or see himself as an individual. The same theory can be applied concerning Mr. B’s negative feelings and outlook in life. In order for the psychiatrist to be successful in treating the patient, it is advisable to apply the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). By allowing the patient to participate and open up the communication line with the psychiatrist, the patient is unconsciously releasing the underlying factors that

Project Management Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Management Systems - Research Paper Example A project manager is a person who is responsible for carrying out all the tasks and operations that are included in project management. In simple words, both the success and failure of a project centralizes on the project manager’s shoulders (Haughey, 2009; Grembergen, 2002, p. 89; Hallows, 1998, p. 4). This paper presents a detailed analysis of roles and responsibilities that a project manager carries out. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of project manager’s performance on a project. This paper will also outline some examples of bad project management. Project management is a systematic way to scheduling and managing project activities and resources from beginning to end. Additionally, these project activities are divided into five phases, first phase is the initiation, the second is planning, the third phase is executing, fourth is controlling, and last phase is the completion or termination of the project. In addition, these phases of project management can be used in approximately any kind of project, since their purpose is to organize the different processes of project development. The fundamental reason for starting a project is to achieve particular objectives. In other words, the purpose of managing the processes as a project is to put attention on the jobs and control for the accomplishment of the objectives on small group or an individual. Additionally, a project is normally a temporary endeavor encompassing a lot of interconnected operations or processes, assigned a considerable cost, and continuing for a few weeks or, m onths, or years. However, the management of a project is a complex and challenging task and the roles of project managers vary with the project requirements (TechTarget, 2008; Meredith & Mantel, 2006, p. 13; Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005, p. 309). The

Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Case Analysis - Essay Example Since the hospital specializes on maternity and child care, the officials are more cautious in implementing their strategies. The patients are treated with utmost care from the time they enter the hospital and until they get discharged. The health and stabilization of the patient is checked at regular intervals to ensure that the patient is healthy. (Branden, 1998). The hospital also deals with emergency cases where the patients are brought to the hospital minutes before delivery. (Stewart, 2004). This poses greater risk for the doctors as well as the patients. But the hospital maintains specific process which enables the administration and physicians department to make the delivery process easier. The flowchart depicts the flow of process and the way in which they are carried out. The flowchart with caesarian option portrays how a patient who has to undergo a caesarian operation is treated. The patients are either pre registered or they get themselves registered when they arrive for delivery. If they are pre registered the process becomes much simple. If they are not registered they need to follow a series of steps after which they are admitted to the

PACS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PACS - Essay Example A PACS consists of at least one or more image acquisition devices (like Computed Tomography Scanners, Ultrasound Scanners, MRI), communication network, a long term storage device and an image review and/or post processing workstation, in other words PACS is used to run medical digital images. All these components enable following processes: image acquisition, image  communication, image storage, image display and image processing. All these processes act as pathways for PACS to improve the quality of diagnosis, extend the reach of services of an expert radiologist, higher efficiency and cost savings (Reiner and Siegel, 2002, 3). Since healthcare is a safety as well as security intense domain, these parameters cannot be compromised. Hence saving and archiving medical images without loosing quality (or information) has been a compelling need of the users of various users dealing with medical images. This concern of the clinicians have been appropriately addressed by a universal standard pertaining to digital medical imaging, this standard is termed as Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (popularly called DICOM). DICOM provides all the tools required for diagnostically correct processing and presentation of medical imaging data (Pianykh). DICOM takes care of data transfer, storage and display protocol that contains sets of standards. DICOM incorporates the following processes: Information Management System  Storage, Query/Retrieve,   Study Component, Query/Retrieve, Results Management, Print Management, Media Exchange. The DICOM Standard takes care of levels of the ISO OSI network model and enables the exchange of information on interchange media. DICOM currently defines an upper layer protocol (ULP) that is used over TCP/IP (independent of the physical network), messages, services, information objects and an association negotiation mechanism. These definitions ensure that any two implementations of a compatible set of services and

General Mill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

General Mill - Essay Example Besides that, the company has its joint ventures manufacturing and marketing products in over 130 countries in addition to republics globally. Its operations are categorized into three- Foodservice and baking, International- excludes their partnership with Japan and Cereal Partners Worldwide, CPW and U.S Retail- consisting of seven divisions of the branded retail products; its joint venture with CPW sees them selling ready-to-eat cereals. Overview Recently, the Company made an acquirement of a natural snacks food corporation known as Food Should Taste Good that is located within Needham Heights. Happening within the same year, 2012, "the Company acquired a 50% interest and a 51% interest in Yoplait Marques S.A.S and Yoplait S.A.S. respectively, and later on, during August, it obtained Yoki Alimentos SA" (Reuters, n.d). Following its mission ‘Nourishing Lives’, the Company has its healthy snacks brands such as Nature Valley bars and Yoplait dairy products still having a l arge consumer base worldwide. Most notable is its Gold Medal flour that, till today, has remained the number one selling flour in the United States. The Company also participates in philanthropic efforts through its General Mills Foundation, where "more than half a million dollars has been awarded to nonprofit organizations supporting local communities since 1954" (General Mills -foundation, n.d). Furthermore, it has remained consistent in paying dividends to its investors. Coming after the Kellog Company, General Mills is the number two cereals maker in America, in terms of size. General Mills employs an estimated 35,000 employees across its network in Asia Pacific, Europe, Canada, Latin America and South Africa, its manufacturing companies are situated in beyond 30 countries. Products The Company can be said to have had great success because of its consumer-relating brands on all its products. Other than the Gold Medal flour, its breakfast products fetch a considerable consumer ba se and they include "Cheerios, Lucky Charms, Chex, Wheaties and Trix" (General mills- cereals n.d). The lineup continues on with baking mixes under the name Betty Crocker, frozen bread called Pilsbury and yoghurt called Yoplait and Colombo, the Company also makes vegetables that are frozen and preserved named Green Giant, Progresso soups and Mexican seasonings. General Mills has a natural as well as organic products venture named Small Planet Foods that is responsible for marketing Cascadian Farm vegetables plus Muir Glen soups. In addition, it has a joint venture with 8th venture for marketing and selling soy-based products; where that company has a 50-50 partnership with Dupont. Operations Owing to the fact that General Mills’ has a diverse product range where each may have similar or different specifications, the company took up professional IT services from a Management Information Systems company to design a feature in their product specifications system. This feature wo uld make it possible to conduct mass changes and undo designs of the products. The designing entailed rigorous testing with employees from its U.S and abroad operations also participating. This helped the Company to save time and minimize errors and subsequently, maintain consistent levels of quality in their products, their packaging and delivery to various parts of the world; while at the same time adhering to strict regulations. The system has the added advantage of allowing the Company to make more than 10,000 modifications

Jackson Pollock Essay Example for Free

Jackson Pollock Essay There are several artists who have influenced my work and my passion for the arts. One of my favorite is Jackson Pollock. Pollocks works inspire me to be creative even if my creativity is random. â€Å"Jackson Pollack was an American artist who had an important influence on modern painting as an important figure in the abstract expressionist movement.†(World Book) Jackson Pollock was born January 28, 1912 in Cody, Wyoming into a family of four boys with Jackson being the youngest. His family moved to California where his father worked for the government as a surveyor. In 1930 Jackson joined his eldest brother Charles in New York City where he attended the Art Students League. There Pollack studied under Thomas Hart Benton. It was at the Art Student League that he first started dabbling in art. Some of his first works were â€Å"sketches using twisted counter shifts modeled after European artist such as Michelangelo, Rubens, and one of his personal favorites El Greco.† (nga.gov) He also experimented in pottery. He made several ceramic pieces like vases, bowls and plates. Most of the bowls he created were donated to Mrs. Benton Thomas Benton’s wife to sell for profits to help benefit the struggling artist in the area. The paintings created during 1931-1934 like Going West or Bird is examples of abstract expressionism. Growing up in the west Pollack painted several pieces with western scenes. â€Å"He made spasmodic trips to that area after he came to live in New York as a young man and his consciousness was conditioned, always, by early memories of the West.†(Robertson, B.) At first glance the early collection might be overlooked for a piece by an amateur painter because at the time he was an amateur painter. As his craft grew so did his painting style and theme. His works begin to reflect his sporadic emotions. â€Å"Jackson Pollock said regarding his art When I am in a painting, Im not aware of what Im doing. It is only after a sort of get acquainted period that I see what I have been about. I have no fears about making changes, destroying the image, etc, because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well.(1artclub) Although he is now a famous artist and his works are studied and collected by many, Pollock did not acquire fame easily and there was much sacrificed on behalf of all those who loved and cared for and about him and his works. He suffered from alcoholism and depression. Like so many artist unfortunately, his work was significantly more appreciated after his tragic death. In the movie Pollack Jackson is portrayed to be a bit manic and known to have random backlashes and outburst stemming from his drinking, especially when his art was the subject of discussion. Critics struggled to identify what his exact style was and Jackson refused to identify it. This was part of the reason he was critically judged thorough out his career. After leaving the Art League School Pollack became a member of the League and took on a job for the mural commission of Indiana. â€Å"In 1937 Jackson began psychiatric treatment for his alcoholism.† (O’Connor, F.) During this period of his life he worked for the Works Project Administration (WPA) â€Å"He was required to submit for allocation one painting about every eight weeks, depending on its size and his normal rate of production â€Å"(O’Connor, F. ) for eight years. He would make approximately $7,800. Jackson meets Lee Krasner, a fellow surrealist in the American art world who had heard of Pollack and wanted to meet him before participating in an art show together. It was not until many years later that the two would marry. Lee Krasner was Pollock’s biggest supporter, best friends and love of his life. She understood Pollack in ways even he did not. Pollocks work had a strong Native American theme, which came from traveling with his father as a surveyor for the US government. An example of one of these pieces is Guardians of the Secret which he showed in his first one man show, sponsored by Miss Guggenheim. In this painting there is what appears to be a dead animal or person with a mask on, perhaps a wolf head. I think this may be a sacrifice or an accident cover up. It looks like four people standing around a tomb or table have a discussion. One of the figures seems to have a crown on. All of the figures have animalistic mask or maybe paint on their faces. On the tomb or table it looks like scribbles or an ancient script. The manly also resemble totems poles. The painting could be if a burial, or a ritual. Whatever the case it is a beautiful painting and like most of Pollock works the meaning is left up to the viewer. As Pollock continued to mature as an artist so did his work. In 1943 Pollock signed a one year contract with Peggy Guggenheim an avid art collector and owner of a museum-gallery called Art of This Century. The contract stipulated he receive â€Å"$150 a month and a settlement at the end of the year if more than $2700 worth of paintings were sold, allowing one third to the gallery. If less than this amount were realized, Miss Guggenheim would receive paintings to make-up the difference.†(O’Connor, F.) Pollack was also promised a one man show and a commission for a mural he would paint in Miss Guggenheims home. In 1950-1951 Pollock began painting in black and white. This is said to be the climax of Pollock’s inspiration. Unlike other artist Pollock numbered his paintings instead of naming all of them. When he was inspired he painted pictures at such a rate a number system was the best way to keep track of what he was producing. â€Å"Number Thirty Two, in particular, should be considered as a twentieth-century masterpiece: a perpetual mobile of whiplash line which has, in its cool muscularity, something of the improvisatory nature of jazz† (Robertson, B.) Soon after this period Pollock developed the black and white theme further into his splatter painting or drip painting as he was nicknamed â€Å"Jack the Dripper† by Time magazine in 1956. The first of this series was Lavender Mist. Pollock had created an international sensation of action painting. â€Å"Harold Rosenberg, described it, the canvas now became an arena in which to act, instead of a space in which to represent a real or imagined object, as it had been traditionally.† ( Busignani, A.) In 1946 Pollock and his wife moved to the East Hamptons. He would spend the remaining years of his life in a drunken violent rage. In 1956 Jackson Pollock was drunk driving when he had a violent accident that would take his and two other lives. His struggling career and unexpected death contribute to his legendary art status. Reference http://www.1artclub.com/going-west-by-jackson-pollock/ http://www.nga.gov/feature/pollock/artist1.shtm O’Connor, Francis. â€Å"Jackson Pollock† Museum of Modern Art. New York. 1967 Robertson, Bryan. â€Å"Jackson Pollock† Library of Congress. Harry N. Abrams Inc. New York. 1960. World Book Encyclopedia, 2002, v15. P. p. 646

Peter Paul Rubens Essay Example for Free

Peter Paul Rubens Essay The most sought-after painter in northern Europe during the seventeenth century, Peter Paul Rubens, was also a diplomat, linguist, and scholar. His dramatic artistic style of the seventeenth century is now called baroque, a term apparently derived at a later time from ornate jewelry set with irregular pearls. At its most exuberant, the baroque involves restless motion, startling color contrasts, and vivid clashes of light and shadow. Rubens was born in Siegen, Westphalia, to Jan Rubens and Maria Pypelincks. Born the son of a lawyer and educated at a Jesuit school in Antwerp, Flanders, Rubens learned classical and modern languages. He spent the years 1600 to 1608 studying and working in Italy. Returning to Antwerp, he continued to travel as both courtier and painter. His repeated visits to Madrid, Paris, and London allowed him to negotiate treaties while accepting royal commissions for art. One of Rubens major innovations in procedure, which many later artists have followed, was his use of small oil studies as compositional sketches for his large pictures and tapestry designs. Rather than merely drawing, Rubens painted his modelli, or models, thereby establishing the color and lighting schemes and the distributions of shapes simultaneously. Rubens managed a very large studio in Antwerp, training many apprentices and employing independent colleagues to help execute specific projects. Among his mature collaborators whose baroque works are on view in the National Gallery of Art are Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Jan Brueghel, and Frans Snyders. Rubens style tremendously influenced baroque painters throughout Europe, even those such as the German-born Johann Liss who had no documented contact with the master. Liss The Satyr and the Peasant, for instance, is Rubensian in its lively gestures and telling expressions. Painted during the 1620s in Italy, it illustrates a tale from Aesops Fables in which an immortal satyr helped a peasant find his way through a winter storm. The goat-legged creature was astonished when the man put his chilled hands to his mouth to warm them. In thanks for the satyrs guidance, the peasant invited him home to eat. The satyr was further perplexed when the man blew on his spoon to cool the hot soup. The satyr jumped up in disgust at human hypocrisy, proclaiming, I will have nothing to do with someone who blows hot and cold with the same breath! The Fall of Man Rubens copied many of Titians paintings. Part of Rubens greatness was due to his eager study of earlier masters and his ability to combine their techniques with his own style. The Fall of Man is an interesting example of a work after Titian, that is very close to the original but in which Rubens has changed some details. The red parrot in the tree is not in Titians painting. The colors in Rubens painting are more yellowish and Rubens has actually improved Titians painting by giving Adam a more natural pose. In fact, Adam looks a lot like Rubens himself. When Rubens made this painting, he had just met his second wife-to-be, Helene Fourment. She was only 15 years old at the time. Adoration of the Magi Religious paintings were fashionable during the time of Peter Paul Rubens and were nearly always reverential. Adoration of the Magi is a good example of how Jesus was expected to be venerated in art. A painting of 99 inches by 133 inches, Adoration of the Magi is an oil on canvas painting that features a group of figures, who are waiting in turn to pay homage to the newly born Jesus. It is painting that was created by Rubens in 1616 and 1617. The Power of Christ The Virgin Mary is depicted holding up Jesus as an elderly magus kisses the babys feet. Rubens clearly shows that Jesus is no normal child, as quite apart from the large group of people who have come to see Christ, the infant Jesus is seen touching the head of the elderly magus as a sign of acknowledgment of the old mans devotion. Rubens also adds power to the image and of Jesus himself, with the ethnic mix of the visitors. This suggests that the men have traveled from many different parts of the world to witness seeing the baby Jesus and are not all, in fact, magi. The age of the men and the way they are dressed indicates men of power, and, consequently, their humble adoration of Christ gives the work an added weight. Though the expression of the figures in the painting are almost universally serious, there is one man who appears to be smiling and acts in a way many adults would normally act on seeing a baby. The Virgin Mary, however, looks very serious, almost severe, but she is concentrating on Jesus not coming to any harm, as he is standing upright to receive the line of visitors. The Propaganda Element As with most religious paintings of the early 17th Century there could be said to be an element of propaganda in Adoration of the Magi, as it is really showing the power of the Church. It is painting that is saying that however powerful leaders may be, the Church is more powerful than any earthly empire. The fact that there is little light in the painting gives it an air of mystery, as one wonders if some figures are deliberately hidden. Some of the visitors to the stable are also partly hidden by other visitors. The horse to the left of the painting infers that animals are also part of the kingdom of God. Adoration of the Magi currently hangs in the Musee des Beaux-Arts, Lyon, France. VENUS IN FRONT OF THE MIRROR Peter Paul Rubens presented his Venus in Front of the Mirror as the ultimate symbol of beauty. She is aware of the viewer in a mirror that frames her face like a portrait. Great play is made of the sensual reproduction of her skin and silky hair, which is further enlivened by the contrast with the dark-skinned maidservant. The few costly accessories, otherwise decorative additions to elaborate clothing, emphasize the figure’s nakedness. The sensual qualities of the painting are created by Rubens’s subtle painterly approach. He alternates sketchy brushstrokes, drawn over the ground like a transparent veil, with compact areas, painted in great detail. One particularly attractive feature of the picture is the contrast between the goddess’s encounter with the viewer, which seems to occur almost by chance, and the representation of her beauty, as if conceived for a spectator. The mirror that Cupid holds up for the goddess reveals an additional level of meaning: the reflection of Venus, which reveals her beauty to the viewer, becomes a symbol of painting that competes with nature to produce an image that is as real as possible.

Reviewing The Identity Of Looked After Children Social Work Essay

Reviewing The Identity Of Looked After Children Social Work Essay This essay explores how the identity Looked after child contribute to oppression and discrimination in two specific areas of Education and Health. The essay will analyse the role of legislation and policy in combating or promoting discrimination and oppression. The history, societal attitudes, views of the children and theories underpinning looked after children will also be discussed within the essay. Finally I will focus on the implications and relevance to Social Work practice. For the purposes of clarity I will start by defining oppression, discrimination and stigma. Thompson (1997) identifies oppression as the disregarding of individuals or group of peoples rights resulting in inhuman or abusive treatment with dominance and power by one group over another. For Thompson (2006), discrimination refers to a process of unfair or unequal treatment of individuals or groups resulting in undermining the interests of people from a less powerful category within society. From the two definitions of Oppression and Discrimination it can be deduced that the common elements are abuse of power and privilege associated with degrading treatment of the less fortunate individuals or groups of people in society. Apart. from discrimination and Oppression it is important to mention Stigma as another attribute that is prevalent and used as a tool for social exclusion. Diversity in Society Assignment 1016433 Goffman, (1963), and Parker and Aggleton, (2003),s theories of stigma help us to understand how stigma is constructed and its influence in peoples lives. Goffman (1963), describes stigma as an attribute that is deeply descending within a particular social interaction, where the person possessing the attribute falls short of societal expectations. Parker and Aggleton (2003) interpret stigma as a tool of preserving or undermining social structures. They view stigma and discrimination as functional systems which maintain boundaries between those in power and those without. Through such power, social inequalities are developed leading to creation of social norms. Social norms formulate stigma as they govern interactions between people and reinforce power structures that serve to isolate those that are regarded as outsiders. Both theories help us to understand the roots of stigma, prejudice, negative attitudes and its impact to Looked After children after Children. The last three decades have experienced a huge overhaul and introduction of legislation and policies seeking to address the needs of children. The Childrens Act 1989 (CA 1989) reformed Law relating to children and in particular set out the framework for the provision of support for children and families and for the protection of children in England and Wales. This was in line with the the United Nations on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC 1989) which was the first legally binding International instrument to promote the rights of children throughout the world. Burke and Parker (2007). Diversity in Society Assignment 1016433 It is important to mention them following initiatives when discussing issues relating to the welfare of children: The Quality Protects 1998, Chidren Leaving Care Act 2000, Adoption and Children Act 2002, the Choice Protects policy, the Childrens Act 2004, Every Child Matters 2004, Care Matters (Green and White Papers) and The Children and Young Persons Act 2008. Some of these initiatives and legislation were introduced to reinforce Safeguarding children and also in response to reports of abuse, neglect and harm to children in different institutions of residential care in the UK with the most publicised individual cases such as the deaths of Victoria Climbe ( 2000). It was revealed that Staff working with vulnerable children were not adequately trained, rigorously checked on recruitment, no support and vigilance towards diversity and openness. A number of inquiries like Laming Report (2003) recommendations are also worth mentioning which revealed significant failings within the indivi duals and organisations which are meant to be looking after children. As a result there was a lot of media coverage and society as a whole questioned the role of government, laws and all individuals working with children and vulnerable people. The Childrens Act ( 2004) emerged in response to addressing these shortcomings and to improve services. In 2009 Lord Laming was also asked by the government to provide an emergency progress report on issues surrounding safeguarding children following yet another death of a child Baby P in 2007. He identified and reinforced that systematic and individual failures as the cause of death to a child whom they were supposed to look and care for. Laming report (2009) .. Research has questioned how effective and how far the above initiatives reduced the discrimination of Looked after children. Examples of such research just to name a few: Children experience of the Children Act (1989), Discrimination Against Young People in Care: Remember my message (1993), The Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care in England Project (2006), Barriers to change in the Social Care (2000),Busting at the seams (2010) and the recent Panorama BBC programme on experiences of children leaving Care. The UK is a multicultural society and Diversity should be understood and be a tool for most of the policy makers and legislators to make laws which promote equality. Diversity according to Blaine (2007) is associated with the presence of differences in society in relation to gender, race, ethnicity, religion, social class and sexual orientation. These differences are neither good nor bad but some of the differences are associated with inequality and disadvantage. Social work p ractice is concerned with empowerment, anti discriminatory practice, social justice and redressing inequality in line with human rights. Burke and Parker (2007) Cocker and Allain (2008) identify Looked After Children and Young People as children in the care of the local authority, through a Care Order made by a court or voluntary agreement with their parent(s) to accommodate them. They may be looked after in a childrens home ,by foster carers, or other family members. All unaccompanied asylum seeking children are also Looked After Children. Diversity in Society Assignment 1016433 According to (Dfes Statistics 2010) reveal that there were about 64,400 looked after children as at 31 March 2010, an increase of 6 per cent from 2009 and an increase of 7 per cent since 2006.. Mostly the main reason of being in care, was because of abuse or neglect (52 per cent.There were 3,400 Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children (UASC) who were looked after at 31 March 2010. This is a decrease of 12 per cent from 2009. As these statistics reveal there is an increase in the number of Looked after children to date although there is a decrease in the Unaccompanied Asylum Seeker Children (DfES 2010) Hogg and Vaughan (2002) views identity as associated with the process an individual becomes who they are in the sense of personhood and others view of who they are. Furthermore a person has multiple identities and these needs to be seen as part of the whole individual as disregarding some aspects would be misleading and reductive of the individuals identity. Graham (2000) further highlight that identities have different meanings and are not fixed but change over time as a result of environment, personal circumstances and outside influences. These influences will significantly affect the social experience and the self image of those defined, through, for example the experience of negative discrimination. Diversity in Society Assignment 1016433 All aspects of a childs identity needs to be recognised and acknowledged regardless of gender, race, ethnicity or religion. By developing a positive identity children are motivated and their self esteem is enhanced for them to feel a sense of value, belonging and worth Blaine (2007). However Cocker and Allain (2008) argue that not all environments are positive in fostering this idea. When this occurs the child becomes withdrawn and shy to open up and engage. Having a looked after child identity endangers a child to be different, socially excluded, marginalised and denied equal opportunities in accessing services. Assessing Children in Need and their Families: Practice Guidance (2000) As such Social workers need to adopt and work with a culturally sensitive approach and apply the balancing act to enhance the resilience concept. Masten (1994) cited in Daniel et al (2002) Burke and Parker (2010) further argue that the Social Work context and the involvement of a Social worker in a childs life applies and identify the child as different. This is revealed by the bureaucratic and comprehensive paperwork, regular review and educational meetings, visits, contact arrangements and procedures and guidelines are associated with the looked after child but are not experienced by most children in normal life settings. However this arguement is dismissed by Garret (2003) cited in Burke and Parker (2010) when he affirms that paperwork and bereacratic procedures are essential tools for a social worker to use in helping them identify and address important developmental needs of the child but should however encourage more one to one contact with the child rather than spending time on paperwork. In Education Research has revealed that Looked after children do not perform well and are likely not to have (GCSE) and most likely risk being expelled from School due to behaviour. Statistics show that a third of the 60 0000 looked after children obtain a GCSE and a further fifth obtain fewer than five GCSEs. Although these figures are lower than a few years ago, they are still much higher than for children as a whole: more than half not obtaining five or more GCSEs compared to less than one in ten children as a whole. this includes Black minority and white as well DfES (2010). Because of their identity as Looked after children they are disadvantaged and discriminated against at School and in matters related to education. The Social Exclusion Unit (2003) published a document ( A Better Education for Children in Care which highlighted 5 reasons for the low attainment levels ranging from Instability caused by insecure placements, bullying, lack of support and encouragement at home , t ime out of school due to expulsion, support and encouragement and emotional, mental or physical health. From the above five highlighted issues it can be summarised that the home environment plays a crucial role in enhancing education. Schofield and Beek (2009) suggest parents and people at home where the child lives need to be supportive and encouraging to the child learning success. School environment should promote learning that develops a child holistically to facilitate the self discovery method and accepting themselves as they interact with other children. This is not always the case as children are disrupted of continuity in settling and making friends if placement breaks down. Sometimes bullying at school results in low self esteem Although most local authorities have put in place a number of inter disciplinary services looking at the physical, mental well being of children. However in Jackson and McParlin (2006) in their article (the education of children in care professionals are seen to be making assumptions and jumping into conclusions ending up giving labels and long prescribed long term solutions to short term problems unnecessarily. This is associated with neglect and discrimination. More training and awareness of diversity, anti discriminatory practices and individualised person centred approach should be reinforced.(Every Child Matters 2004) Roger Morgan (2010) argue that the problem of poor school performance in looked after children lies in the care and education system not in the children. They argue that the care and education systems do not address pre care experiences of the child low attainment and also failure to address the aftermath or the impact of separation when children are removed from their families. The child may be suffering from undiagnosed post traumatic stress which can erupt in any confined environment such as school classrooms. They also argue that teachers have no knowledge of the childs history. Teacher training does not equip teachers with knowledge of the care system and on addressing behaviour from Looked after children. There is also the emphasis on exaggeration of difficulties and the overuse of the term ( Challenging behaviour focuses to address the present problems arising from the childs pre-care experiences and disappointments of being in care. The Authorities should rather focus on expl aining and addressing the underperformance. They further highlight the study by (Jackson et al.2005) where a research with students in Higher education who had a care background was carried out over a 5 year period. The respondents experienced a high level of trauma, abuse and neglect but were placed in foster homes that were supportive and valued education. The findings revealed that foster families who support education and celebrate the childs achievements are more likely to compensate to some level the pre care experiences and promote higher attainment in education. It is important to place children in placements which are supportive to the childs success in education, foster resilience and offer a safe place to grow and achieve. To support childrens wellbeing the government has put in place the Children and Young Persons Act 2008 with a commitment to promote the wellbeing of children and those who are involved in their care. Children Act (2008) In accessing Health facilities Looked after children face difficulties with mental health issues. Mostly their Health needs are overlooked and not met as they are labelled. Axford (2008) in her article exploring social exclusion noted this difficulty as more prevalent among children from Black Ethnic Minority background who face a cultural, language and racism within organisations that are meant to support and look after them especially asylum seekers. There is lack of relevant and appropriate delivery of service in assessing the physical and mental wellbeing of children before placement and continuous monitoring of wellbeing through individual health plan. This can be attributed to lack of awareness and knowledge on the part of and role of carers and foster parents. This leaves the responsibility to the child who will most of the time ignore health issues and abscond appointments. (Young Minds )Training of carers and foster parents need to be promoted to improve delivery of service In working with looked experiences of the Children Act (1989) highlighted that there are continuing myths about the Act which are still disadvantaging Looked After children. Also children still feel they are not fully aware of their rights under the Act as they face day to day regulations and successive barriers. Children still feel they do not receive what the law says they should. A typical example was in socialising with restrictions on risk assessments for overnight stays by teenagers in care. This has brought a sense of discrimination and marginalisation as it is for normal teenagers to do overnight stays. Prout (2000) cited in Glenny and Roaf (2008)further picked up another conflict and tension among within government departments and targets when he mentions that control and self realisation are both present in legislation and policy but in tension. On one camp there is the idea of viewing children as individuals with a capacity for self realisation within a safe societal envi ronment while in the other camp there is the idea of viewing children as vulnerable and requiring control, regulation and surveillance. One example Youth Matters four challenges to help teenagers achieve the ECM outcomes.( DfES 2005, 2:12) Social workers need to listen, engage and work in partnership with looked after children. In a research by Sally Holland (2010) Journal of Social Work to explore the Ethics of Care as being marginalised and not being implemented and recognised it was evidenced that lasting relationships are disrupted by placements and children often acknowledged their links to their past and significant people in their lives. This highlights the importance of their individual pathway in promoting their wellbeing and interpersonal relationships and future achievements. Clarke (2010) emphasises the need to sustain and promote lasting care relationships with formal carers and social workers to avoid the consequences of loss ,neglect and worthlessness by listening to their story, exploring and putting their needs and choices first. Oliver et al (2010) Briefing Paper Advocacy for Looked After Children when they unveiled that Reseach has also highlighted that there were some ambivalence within professional s as to what extent children must be involved in decision making to matters concerning their care as well as resource barriers. To overcome these constraints Winter (2009) suggested regular contact, feedback, advocacy and putting the needs of the child first need to be priority as children value being listened to and having their wishes fulfilled by active participation in matters concerning their wellbeing. I also have personal experience when I was involved in a consultation exercise with Young Persons leaving care as part of my coursework.. The Young Persons highlighted that sometimes they did not receive any feedback from social workers when they contact them. Also they mentioned that there was a lot of bureaucracy which they felt treated them as different and treated them discriminatory for example social work visits at school and regular reviews or educational meetings. They felt they wanted to be treated as normal children not Service users. Barriers to Change in the Social Care (2000) suggest and support that there should be a Human rights approach in working with looked after children. Glenny and Roaf (2008) suggested Early intervention is essential to support children and families before problems either from within the family or as a result of external factors, which have an impact on both the child and family. Government departments, statutory and voluntary organisations have an obligation to work in partnership for the success of early intervention agenda. These teams should work together establish protocols which will help to ensure early indications of being at risk of social exclusion are addressed and receive proper attention. McLeod (1998) highlighted the need to acknowledge Child development stages. He mentions that children accept and discover themselves through stages and exposure to promote self awareness, confidence, self esteem and positive attitudes. McLeod highlighted Freuds psycho-analysis theory (1859-1939), Ericksons psycho-social development theory (1950) and Bowlbys attachment theory(1969,1973,1880,1988). This view is shared in the literature review by Hunt (2003) cited in ( Charlotte Ritchie 2005 Critical Review) which highlights that although there is no concrete evidence of kinship care over non kin foster care there are indications that chances are the former promotes the childs wellbeing and welfare than the latter. This shows how important it is for Social Workers to be aware of child developmental needs and how valuable family ties are. Schofield and Beek , (2005) cited in Shaw (2010) shares the same views that past relationships with family and professionals has an impact on the child s wellbeing and ability to cope with life on their own. Active parenting focusing on the childs needs and positive engagement with the child will help and promote skills to deal with difficult situations in life. It is also good to for social workers to promote resilience as a tool of empowering children so that they are equipped to face challenges and deal with their past and future. Daniel and Wassell (2002) The importance of identity is further echoed by (Goerge, 1990;Testa et al., 1996; Testa, 1997; Wulczyn and Goerge, 1992) cited in (Charlotte Ritchie 2005) in her critical Paper of exploring the significance of Kinship care when she states that Identity, attachment, cultural heritage and self esteem are further maintained and consolidated when a child remains with their family and relatives than non relative placements. This will also go a long way in alleviating the Placement shortages currently experienced by ethnic minority foster placements and also reinforce the value of cultural sensitivity in Social Work. Bates et al (1997) suggests that assessment framework should foster identity and acknowledge diversity in order to promote a childs perception of themselves and their environment. Social workers need to employ anti-discriminatory practice with a lot of opportunities and resources for self discovery. They need to support the child to discover and accept themselves. It is import ant to offer options to situations that promote identity in order to understand themselves and others as children need to have their own identity to mirror on.(:Assessment for Children in need Practice 2000) The Children and Young Persons Act (2008) also emphasise that its commitment to promote a childs well being and the people involved in the care of the child. Although there has been notable initiatives in addressing the needs of Looked after children for the past ten years a lot still has to be done in terms of societal attitudes, resources and safeguarding. To achieve the every child matters outcomes all the stakeholders need to work together by putting the needs and act in the best interest of the child. By listening and engaging with Looked after children practitioners, politicians and policy makers will be able to improve Childrens quality of life. Anti discriminatory practice, empowerment and equal opportunities practices are part of the answer. . 3624words

Muslim Women Essay -- Immigration Islam Essays Papers

Muslim Women When I chose the topic of Americanization of immigrant Muslim women, I think I expected a straightforward, easy to categorize, research project. On the contrary, what I found was surprisingly different. While I think of myself as a liberal, open-minded female, this project gave me a very new perspective on myself and many of my views as well. Muslim women living in the United States are quite honestly more diverse, more complex, more structured, more contemplative, and more culturally intuitive than I could have ever imagined in my limited experience and knowledge of them. The ‘Americanization’ I sought to illustrate turned out to resemble something closer to a religio-cultural tug-of-war than the predicted homogeneous transformation, or adaptation, to our Western society and religious orientation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The women whose lives I read about (individually as well as in group studies) seemed without exception to be in a constant state of tension from numerous external and internal sources. The many token examples of varying degrees of Americanization- or in some cases, resistance to this phenomenon- included, but were not limited to, wanting to uphold traditional homeland customs and practices; asserting new freedoms to take on more responsibility in religious and political arenas; working to improve traditional inadequacies of U.S. mosques to better accommodate women of faith; the dilemma of appropriate dressing for religious and professional communities; challenging traditional and current marriage practices and the difficulties associated with them; and maybe most significantly, combating the general naivetà ©, or even outright discriminatory ignorance of Americans about Islam. Considering the fact that Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world (between n ew births and the increasing number of conversions), and the United States is arguably the most influential and powerful country in the world, the last of these examples must, and will, be given some extra attention at the end of this paper. Finding Balance Between Islamic Tradition and U.S. Culture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although almost every source I consulted stressed the progressive nature of the Quran and its ability to adapt to changing society, I found that a main thrust of the American Muslim communities was best exemplified in a quote from Carol L. Anway, that women strive toward â€Å"b... ...usaf Ali.† 12-18. A.H. Jaffor Ullah, Ph.D, New Orleans,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Louisiana, 2001. . Anway, Carol L. â€Å"American Women Choosing Islam.† Muslims on the Americanization Path?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ed. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and John L. Esposito. Oxford, NY: Oxford University   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Press, 2000. 145-160. Aswad, Barbara. â€Å"Attitudes of Immigrant Women and Men in the Dearborn Area Toward   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women’s Employment and Welfare.† Muslim Communities in North America. Ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Jane Idleman Smith. Albany, NY: State University of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York Press, 1994. 501-519. Hathout, Samer. â€Å"Challenges Facing American Muslim Women.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.islamfortoday.com/americanmuslimwomen.htm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hermansen, Marcia K. â€Å"Two-Way Acculteration: Muslim Women in America Between   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Individual Choice (Liminality) and Community Affiliation (Communitas).† The Muslims   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of America. Ed. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press, 1991.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  188-201. Smith, Jane I. â€Å"Women’s Issues in American Islam.† The Duncan Black MacDonald Center for   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations. Hartford Seminary, Hartford CT,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2002. http://macdonald.hartsem.edu/smithart1.htm.

Oppression and Depression: The Effects of White Masculinity Essay

Oppression and Depression: The Effects of White Masculinity In Peter N. Stearns’ book Be a Man! he cites Nichols, Pleck and Sawyer as he makes the assertion that â€Å"Macho man, artificially and oppressively virile, asserts himself over hapless women and in fields of aggression ranging from big business to war, from raising of sons to the domestic cloistering of wives† (Nichols, Pleck and Sawyer). White men in America throughout history have guided themselves according to a particular set of social norms which defines their masculinity. Society embraces these defining characteristics and therefore sets standards for the men to live by and be judged by. John Steinbeck comments on the irony of these standards as he said â€Å"Men, kindness and generosity, openness, honesty, understanding and feeling, are the concomitants of failure in our system. And those traits we detest, sharpness, greed, acquisitiveness, meanness, egotism and self-interest, are the traits of success. And while men admire the quality of the first they love the produce of the second.† In this statement Steinbeck recognizes the double standard of society’s expectations, being that men should be honest and true to their morals, while at the same time rewarding them for the undesirable qualities. Although on the surface society emphasizes these positive traits, it defines men by the exact opposite, the cunning and unemotional ones. White masculinity is a set of expectations that have been instilled in every child as they mature, and therefore they come to expect this model to be achieved by every man. When these expectations become unreal, not only do the victims of white masculinity themselves suffer, but so do their spouses and wives as they are unable to restore... ...sister. Those statements are made for him by his surroundings and the other non-white male characters in the novel. White masculinity is the ideal that has young boys dreaming of becoming firefighters, teenagers idolizing Bruce Willis, and middle aged men dyeing their hair and getting gym memberships. Whether it is through the appreciation of the ideals of white masculinity, or the desire for the fulfillment of these ideals, society as a whole has embraced it and continues to encourage its existence. In recent years, indications have appeared of a regression in the application of white masculinity through the popularity of movie stars such as Leonardo DiCaprio playing sensitive roles (Malin 239). However, extreme cases of white masculinity have also appeared, in such acts as hate crimes, against races as well as gays, and exposure of sexual harassment cases.

Importance of Breakfast Essay

Studies have shown that person who take breakfast are more alert, with higher level of concentration and better problem-solving skills, and generally perform better in quality of work. The best time to eat breakfast is within an hour after waking up. After 10am, if people feel it is too late to eat breakfast, they can eat a healthy snack to give them some energy for the morning until lunch. If people having breakfast and develop a healthy breakfast routine, they will realize and understand the importance of breakfast. Let’s find out the importance of eating breakfast. To start the day, people need energy. One healthy way to get energy is through eating breakfast. The word â€Å"breakfast† literally means â€Å"to break the fast.† Breakfast provides your body and brain the nourishment it craves after an overnight fast. Having a meal in the morning helps you feel satisfied longer and helps deter snacking later in the day. Breakfast is essential to kick-starting your metabolism for the day. While you are sleeping and fasting, your body slows down many processes and burns less calories. Eating breakfast helps send the signal that it is time to bring these systems back up to speed so you burn more calories throughout the day. Now, you have know ones of other importance of breakfast, so let’s look another important of breakfast. Breakfast can produce brain power. Breakfast is your brain meal. When you wake up you have been fasting for about 8 hours. Energy giving glucose levels in your brain have dropped. The energy of the brain must be restored. Simply eating the right foods in the morning can maximize your brain power. Having a breakfast also can make your brain functioning at its optimal level. Your brain needs glucose to function, and after a night of not eating, your body’s stores have been depleted. Breakfast helps raise your blood glucose levels back to normal to give plenty of fuel for your brain to perform its best. The benefits of breakfast don’t just to get energy and to produce brain power. Regularly eating a healthy breakfast also help you to control the body weight. Eating breakfast may reduce your hunger later in the day, which may make it easier to avoid overeating. When the persons skip a healthy meal in the morning, that persons will pick snacks high in sugar and fat to curb the hunger. Another is healthy choices. Eating breakfast may get you on track to make healthy choices all day. When you eat breakfast, you tend to eat a healthier overall diet, one that is more nutritious and lower in fat. When you skip breakfast, you’re more likely to skip fruits and vegetables the rest of the day, too. Bear in mind that eating breakfast is important for your health. Without breakfast, it’s like climbing a mountain without any necessary equipment thus puts you at risk. The importance of breakfast is to get the energy, to produce brain power and help you lose excess weight and maintain your weight loss.

Expository Paper Essay

Everyone needs some sort of schooling to be successful in life. In school, students learn to read, write, process thoughts and ideas and apply knowledge to outside situations. No one can argue the point that school and education aren’t necessary, because the thought is absurd. In my opinion though, school had become a competition instead of an education. Students have become so focused on being the best in their class, having a GPA a hundredth of a point higher than their friend, being involved in extra-curricular activities, and obtaining as much knowledge to the point of just memorizing rather than understanding. Believing that an average public school education will give you the knowledge you need to be successful in everything that you do in order to make a living is an incredibly false perception. Schooling gives you an education which sets a foundation for like, but how will you live if you’ve never had to think about living? Life lessons are important, but if you’re too busy focusing on schooling and memorizing pointless information, when will you learn to live? You wont get anywhere without having a basic knowledge of people skills and what you should expect from life once you turn 18. These days, the prestige universities are more interested in students who are well rounded and have an understanding of the world around them. Having an understanding of how the world is and will be is ultimately the most important idea you could ever learn. In order to bring education back to its sole purpose, we have to drop the constant competition. The issue with trying to back off competition and return to the original purpose of an education is who will start the trend. People can’t drop what they’re doing and back off to think about the real meaning of education. Because of selfish ambition, that’s impossible. Reevaluation of the system of schooling and learning is vital not necessarily this generation, but our children, and our children’s children. If our year of teenagers is messed up by pressure of society, imagine 100 years from now.

A Summary of Cubbin and Geroski

This article examines the nature of short-run dynamics in judging the profitability in the marketplace.   The authors state that the dynamics of profits in the inter-industry averages, even between companies in the same industry, can be extremely variable.That is, although it is assumed that there is some homogeneity that can permit comparison between company profits within and industry that can then be used to create an inter-industry average, this homogeneity does not, in fact, exist.It is apparent that this flawed assumption has its roots in the â€Å"shared asset theory of profit determination† posited by Porter (1979) as a method of determining performance in an industry (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987, p. 427).   The authors state that the flaw comes from assuming that the â€Å"intra-industry variations in profits are small and uncorrelated with market structure† (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987, p. 427), which, if this assumption is untrue, the industry-level analysis of the dynamics between companies is no longer of interest and is no longer of any value.In addition, Porter’s model seems to have failed to take into account the differences that exist between the industry leaders and the industry â€Å"followers† in terms of profitability and how that profit is made.The literature review for Cubbin and Geroski (1987) suggests that analysis of different industries show that market power gains are unevenly distributed between these leaders (the large firms) and followers (the small firms) in these industries and that the markets share that this power reflects is important in determining the relative profitability between companies (pp. 427-428).The authors indicate, however, that there are several assessment methods in terms of determining any individual organization’s profitability both on firm specific and industry-wide factors.   These factors include:Co-efficients on variables, such as market share and industry concentration.An analysis of variance (ANOVA) framework that deconstructs performance variables into effects created by industry, firm, and market share.A dynamic model, which the authors suggest that a co-variance might exist between â€Å"profit paths† across intra-industry firms (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987, p. 428).The authors’ state their intent at this juncture; indicating that they intend to examine the importance of industry effect on industry profitability in the United Kingdom (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).   It is also at this point in the paper where the authors describe the form that the paper will take, explaining how the information will be organized and analyzed.The ModelThe model that the authors examined for the purpose of this paper is that of an individual firm (i) in a single industry (I).   The current profit rate for i is then compared for the equilibrium profit rate for I, over a long term.According to the authors, it is unlikely that the comparison of the profit rate s for   Ã‚  and I will be equal to one another over the period of analysis for one of two reasons: 1) that there is no equilibrium in the individual firm’s profit over the long term, or 2) that the equilibrium profit rate for the individual firm differs from that of the industry as a whole.   In addition, the ease or difficulty with which a firm can enter the market and other factors that affect doing business in that industry may have an effect over the rate of equilibrium profit.The authors maintain that the profit rate for the individual is determined by the equilibrium profit rate for the industry and â€Å"the dynamic forces that generate adjustment towards them within and between industries (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987, p. 429).Cubbin and Geroski (1987) go on to explain that one issue in this model is that tracking the factors that go into the dynamic may be impossible to measure, in part due to the difficulty in observing them.In addition, the actual entry of a firm in to an industry may or may not have an effect overall and may or may not lead to the existing firms in that industry–particularly, presumably, the leaders of that industry–to make strategic preemptive pricing moves that may effect the performance of the market before the new firm even has time to enter and disturb the equilibrium (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).The authors propose a solution to control these variables.   They first define â€Å"entry† into an industry as being when 1) new firms enter the industry, 2) expansion of incumbent firms, and 3) as incumbent competitors attempt to block new firms by uniting their production and pricing efforts (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).This definition was left broad to â€Å"include all systematic dynamic forces interacting with profits† (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).   Entry might then have a strong impact if there are strong dynamic forces; however, weak dynamic forces result in the average industry profitability being af fected over a long period (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).If a firm holds a strategic place in the industry and earns profits higher than those earned by others in the industry, then a response to this position might result in other firms in the industry might encourage â€Å"mobility† in the industry itself, with other new firms entering or incumbents restructuring to diversify (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987), which results in any of these actions having an effect on the individual firm.The basic model that the authors suggest using to analyze industry profits is arrived at after a series of equations that are eventually modified to take compare the vulnerability to the effects of entry on the part of the individual firm against the industry at large (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987), based on the movement created by firm and industry specifics.

Describe a Few of the Interesting Characters in Your Class Essay

My class is full of wonderful characters that make all of us cheerful to study. There are twenty-two students in my class and only seven of them are boys. Our form teacher is Encik Azmi bin Nusi. We have a wonderful monitor who does every job given to her responsibly. She is Uma Devi a/p Nagiah and she never complains about doing jobs without an assistant. Most of the students are Malays. There are only four Indian girls and four Chinese students. Our class is one of the noisiest class because of the interesting characters we have. Uma Devi is chosen to be our monitor mainly because of her gutsiness to confront some of the rebellious students who are usually Azizi and Amin in our class. Were the students agreed? They definitely were. Hardly any objection was voiced to choose Uma as the monitor. With 170 centimetres tall and a loud voice that can crack any dreams, she is the perfect choice. Although this Indian girl is very strict, she also has a good sense of humour. That is why many of us cannot despise her for a long time. Moreover, she is very pretty with two long braided black hair and a smile, which is not very often she does. She seldom smile but when she does, it is just like a sun shining after down pouring rain. We will always feel very glad and relieved to see her smile. Her seriousness in doing her job is commendable and she is helpful too, to get a new dateline for our homeworks from the teacher. Due to that, we always admire and respect her. Describing the interesting characters in my class, I find it difficult to leave Rosmaliza behind. She is a very peculiar and interesting girl in our class. She is only 155 centimetres tall but she was slim with beautiful features. The sleepyhead in our class? She definitely is the one and only. We could not stop laughing when thinking about her embarrassing situations in our class. There was a time when Mr. Ling, our Additional Mathematics teacher was teaching in our class and dear Rosmaliza was sleeping. Mr. Ling noticed she was asleep and called out her name to wake her up and she did wake up. Waking up and mumbling incoherently, she suddenly stood up and towards the blackboard, thinking that Mr. Ling wanted her to complete some questions on the board. After some awkward silence, she returned to her seat looking red all over. All the classmates burst out laughing at her act. But she remained impassive, although her red face revealed what she felt. Another thing that we find funny is the way she laughed. It was loud and sounded like a cackle. That is so unforgettable and can be said as her ‘trademark’. The other character in my class that I found interesting is Fozie. He is quite a humorist with the loyal companion, Ja’far. Fozie is very funny and he could cause a hullaballoo with his spontaneous jokes. He is 162 centimetres tall and has a cute, mischievous face. However, he does not get into a lot of trouble with his mischief. He is quite adorable because of his helpfulness and politeness. He is surely the best guy in our class. Another thing that we found amazing about him is the way he mesmerized school’s juniors. Many students, especially girls from lower form adore and admire him. The reason? Maybe it simply because of his friendliness and some cute bangs over his forehead. However, he is a reliable guy that we could depend on to please some teachers whenever some of them are angry. All that I can conclude from these interesting characters is that they are wonderful to be with. Although some of them are weird, but the difference can only add up the speciality. Plus, they definitely bring colours of joy and mischief in our world as a student. Life in school would simply be so boring without them.

Corporate finance Essay

1 Bonds (3 points) A company aims to takeover one of its suppliers valued at 2 million Euros and is planning to fund the takeover by issuing three-year zero coupon bonds, each with face value C1000. After having their credit rating checked, executives have decided that they need to issue 2400 of these bonds to raise the 2 million needed to fund this takeover. What is the YTM of the bonds issued by the company? (a) 5.79% (b) 7.13% (c) 6.27% (d) 5.34% If the company’s credit rating changes due to recent earnings announcements and the YTM of the bonds should now be 4.4% how many bonds must the company issue to raise 2 million Euros? (a) 2351 (b) 2276 (c) 2248 (d) 2302 Suppose that the company may default on these bonds with a 25% probability. In case of default, bondholders will receive 60% of the face value of bonds. If the price of the bonds is same as in part (a), what is the YTM in this case? (a) 3.1% (b) 2.9% (c) 2.6% (d) 3.4% 1 2 Financial statements (4 points) Use the following information for ECE incorporated: Assets Shareholder Equity Sales $200 million $100 million $300 million If ECE reported $15 million in net income, then ECE’s Return on Equity (ROE) is: (a) 5.0% (b) 7.5% (c) 10.0% (d) 15.0% If ECE’s return on assets (ROA) is 12% , then ECE’s return on equity (ROE) is (a) 10% (b) 12% (c) 18% (d) 24% If ECE’s net proï ¬ t margin is 8% , then ECE’s return on equity (ROE) is: (a) 10% (b) 12% (c) 24% (d) 30% If ECE’s earnings are $10 million, its price-earnings ratio is (a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) Cannot be determined 2 3 Capital budgeting (3 points) Fancypants Fashion is going to purchase new sewing machines worth 50 million Euros to manufacture purple trousers for the coming ï ¬ ve years, after which purple trousers will be out of fashion and no longer in demand. The machines will be depreciated on a straightline basis over ï ¬ ve years, and after ï ¬ ve years will be sold at an estimated 20 million Euros. The company estimates that the EBITDA from the sale of purple trousers will be 12 million Euros per year for the coming 5 years. The company’s earnings are subject to a corporate tax rate of 40%. If the ï ¬ rm’s equity cost of capital is 9.6% what is the NPV of this project? (a) 0.48 million Euros (b) 0.72million Euros (c) 0.26 million Euros (d) 0.92 million Euros Instead of selling the machines after ï ¬ ve years, the company can use them to produce grey trousers starting in year 6. If they do so, using these machines the company will generate free cash ï ¬â€šows of 2 million Euros per year in perpetuity, since grey trousers are classics and never go out of fashion. What is the NPV of the project if the company chooses this option? (a) 5.89 million Euros (b) 5.72 million Euros (c) 6.36 million Euros (d) 6.07 million Euros Suppose that the company has decided that they will use the machines to produce grey trouse rs after ï ¬ ve years. The company can ï ¬ nance the purchase of new sewing machines entirely by debt by issuing 5-year bonds with 6% coupon rate sold at par. Assuming this additional borrowing is project-speciï ¬ c and hence will not alter the company’s capital structure, what is the value of the project with the tax shield? (a) 11.56 (b) 11.94 (c) 12.25 (d) 11.12 3 4 More capital budgeting (4 points) Use the following information for â€Å"Iota Industries† (all ï ¬ gures in $ Millions) Iota Industries Market Value Balance Sheet Assets Liabilities Cash 250 Debt 650 Other Assets 1200 Equity 800 The company considers a new project with the following free cash ï ¬â€šows: Iota Industries New Project Free Cash Flows Year 0 1 2 3 Free CFs -250 75 150 100 Assume that Iota Industries has a debt cost of capital of 7% and an equity cost of capital of 14%. Furthermore, it faces a marginal corporate tax rate of 35%. If the project is of average risk and the company wants to keep its debt-to-equity ratio constant, its weighted average cost of capital is closest to: (a) 8.40% (b) 9.75% (c) 10.85% (d) 11.70% The NPV for Iota’s new project is closest to: (a) $25.25 million (b) $13.25 million (c) $9.00 million (d) $18.50 million The Debt Capacity for Iota’s new project in year 0 is closest to: (a) $263.25 million (b) $87.75 million (c) $50.25 million (d) $118.00 million If instead of maintaining a ï ¬ xed debt-equity ratio Iota ï ¬ nances the project with $100 million of permanent debt, the NPV of the project is closest to (a) $44.28 million (b) $48.10 million (c) $53.44 million (d) $48.14 million 4 5 Arbitrage (4 points) An exchange traded fund (ETF) is a security that represents a portfolio of individual stocks. Consider an ETF for which each share represents a portfolio of two shares of International Business Machines (IBM), three shares of Merck (MRK), and three shares of Citigroup Inc. (C). Suppose the current market price of each individual stock are shown in the following table: Stock IBM MRK C Current Price $121.57 $36.59 $3.15 What is the price per share of the ETF in a normal market: Assume that the ETF is trading for $366.00, what (if any) arbitrage opportunity exists? What (if any) trades would you make? 5 6 NPV and exchange rates (2 points) You have an investment opportunity in Germany that requires an investment of $250,000 today and will produce a cash ï ¬â€šow of C208,650 in one year with no risk. Suppose the risk -free rate of interest in Germany is 7% and the current competitive exchange rate is C0.78 to $1.00. What is the NPV of this project? Would you take the project? (1 point) (a) NPV = 0; No (b) NPV = 2,358; No (c) NPV = 2,358; Yes (d) NPV = 13,650; Yes Explain in a few sentences the intuition behind your answer. (1 point) 6 7 Options (4 points) Which of the following statements is false? (a) The option delta, ∆, has a natural interpretation: It is the change in the price of the stock given a $1 change in the price of the option. (b) Because a leveraged position in a stock is riskier than the stock itself, this implies that call options on a positive beta stock are more risky than the underlying stock and therefore have higher returns and higher betas. (c) Only one parameter input for the Black-Scholes formula, the volatility of the stock price, is not observable directly. (d) Because a stock’s volatility is much easier to measure (and forecast) than its expected return, the Black-Scholes formula can be very precise. The current price of KD Industries stock is $20. In the next year the stock price will either go up by 20% or go down by 20%. KD pays no dividends. The one year risk-free rate is 5% and will remain constant. Using the binomial pricing model, the price of a one-year call option on KD stock with a strike price of $20 is closest to: (1 point) (a) $2.40 (b) $2.00 (c) $2.15 (d) $1.45 The risk neutral probability of an up state for KD Industries is closest to: (a) 37.5% (b) 60.0% (c) 40.0% (d) 62.5% Using the risk-neutral pricing model, the price of a one-year call option on KD stock with a strike price of $20 is closest to: (1 point) (a) $2.40 (b) $2.00 (c) $2.15 (d) $1.45 7 8 Financial Distress (3 points) Suppose that you have received two job offers. Rearden Metal offers you a contract for $75,000 per year for the next two years while Wyatt Oil offers you a contract for $90,000 per year for the next two years. Both jobs are equivalent. Suppose that Rearden Metal’s contract is certain, but Wyatt Oil has a 60% chance of going bankrupt at the end of the year. In the event that Wyatt Oil ï ¬ les for bankruptcy, it will cancel your contract and pay you the lowest amount possible for you to not quit. If you do quit, you expect you could ï ¬ nd an new job paying $75,000 per year, but you would be unemployed for four months while searching for this new job. If you take the job with Wyatt Oil, then, in the event of bankruptcy, the least amount that Wyatt Oil would pay you next year is closest to: (a) $45,000 (b) $50,000 (c) $54,000 (d) $75,000 Assuming your cost of capital is 6 percent, the present value of your expected wage if you accept Rearden Metal’s offer is closest to : (a) $133,000 (b) $138,000 (c) $140,000 (d) $144,000 Assuming your cost of capital is 6 percent, the present value of your expected wage if you accept Wyatt Oil’s offer is closest to: (a) $138,000 (b) $140,000 (c) $144,000 (d) $150,000 8 9 Real Options (3 points) You own a small manufacturing plant that currently generates revenues of $2 million per year. Next year, based upon a decision on a long-term government contract, your revenues will either increase by 20% or decrease by 25%, with equal probability, and stay at that level as long as you operate the plant. Other costs run $1.6 million dollars per year. You can sell the plant at any time to a large conglomerate for $5 million and your cost of capital is 10%. If you are awarded the government contract and your sales increase by 20%, then the value of your plant will be closest to: (a) $5 million (b) $8 million (c) $0 (d) $4 million If you are not awarded the government contract and your sales decrease by 25%, then the value of your plant will be closest to: (a) -$1 million (b) $5 million (c) $8 million (d) $0 Given the embedded option to sell the plant, the value of your plant will be closest to: (a) $5.0 million (b) $4.0 million (c) $6.5 million (d) $8.0 million 9

Managing stateless refugees Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing stateless refugees - Assignment Example In Ireland, the number of people who may be considered stateless is unknown. The reality of statelessness therefore communicates the need to provide durable or more sustainable solutions. Again, the fact that the status of the stateless brings about the limitation of the rights and freedoms of the victims draws the need for this consideration. The sporadic distribution of the stateless and the withdrawal of human rights and freedom from this group of people affect the rest of the world. One of the causes of statelessness is the failure to ensure the registration of children at birth. The seriousness and of the matter is underscored by the fact that approximately 51 million births do not get registered every year. This statistical provision was availed by the United Nations Children’s Fund, UNICEF. Again, there are laws and regulations that affect the registration of birth, marriage and the accordance of citizenship. For instance, in developing economies, one is not automatically considered a citizen by birth. Instead, it is important that the individual born in the country should have stayed in the country and been registered as a citizen, in order for him to be granted this status. There are instances where nationality is strictly premised upon descent. In this case, the descent of father is what is considered, instead of that of the mother. This is very limiting since there are instances in which single-parenting may limit the applicant of nationality. This is especially the case if the known single-parent is female. Political changes may also compel people out of their country. Cases of discrimination and human trafficking are also important since they may be instrumental in rendering one stateless. These two factors (discrimination and human trafficking) are clearly exemplified by the Kurds who have been systematically oppressed and denied citizenship by

Intergroup communication final paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intergroup communication final - Term Paper Example Moreover, more women are working outside the home, or while in the home, including low-income mothers (Gassman-Pines, 2011). Around 29% of working mothers were employed in jobs with non-standard schedules (versus standard schedules of fixed daytime hours from Monday to Friday) in 2004 (Gassman-Pines, 2011). In developing countries, working mothers show an increasing trend, with some working mainly due to economic needs, while others, especially the educated ones, choose to work to attain personal fulfillment from their work-life identities and to pursue further education and upward career/business goals (Jabbar, 2014; Parà © & Dillaway, 2005). Furthermore, having the option to work, instead of staying at home, is a hallmark of the modern age, particularly, in line with feminist and gender equality movements (Parà © & Dillaway, 2005). Working women develop political power when they increase their contribution to decision-making at home, and when they rise in their organizations as top managers (Ruderman, Ohlott, Panzer, & King, 2002). In addition, they also improve social and cultural power, as they gain social approval for being independent individuals who should be able to work without being judged as neglecting their traditional gender roles and responsibilities (Jabbar, 2014). Nevertheless, working mothers continue to face work-life issues that impact career advancement (King, Botsford, & Huffman, 2009). In other words, not getting enough social support and lack of balance in family and work life can derail women from attaining topmost management positions and attaining a balanced family life-work balance (King et al. , 2009). Some studies investigated the effects of employment outside the home on working mothers and their children and found mixed results. On the one hand, Jabbar’s (2014) interviews with Jordanian mothers and teachers and maids from other countries revealed that working mothers and teachers did not agree that having

Marxism and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marxism and Culture - Essay Example Marxism is not a culture, but has necessarily created a culture that Marxism depends on to self-replicate across time and throughout the class stratifications. Classical Marxism was a strict theory of labor and economics and was for all practical purposes devoid of any culture. Structural Marxism began to see the interactions of social classes and their impact on production. The media portrays the classes that are necessary for an orderly economic system and they become a part of our culture. Economic status, occupation, and social position all become cultural values. According to Butler, "Marx himself argued that pre-capitalist economic formations could not be fully extricated from the cultural and symbolic worlds in which they were embedded" (42). Values, norms, history, and heritage all become the ingredients of a culture that provides a willing and capable workforce for the ruling class. The culture, social structure, intellectual debate, and economic system cannot be divorced or stand independently. The world is made up of social groups that work either independently or interdependently to create their own culture. Groups may be formed and maintained on the basis of family, economics, geography, education, or occupation. Closely related to these social groups is the functional quality that they contribute to society's ability to produce and sustain.

Sports Psychology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sports Psychology - Research Paper Example ychology to these basics will dramatically improve the three key ingredients to a successful athletic program : fun, participation and development .† (Sports Psychology Basics PP2) He calls sports psychology â€Å"the glue that holds the three ingredients (mentioned above) together.† The first step in the psychological preparation for a sports person is to decide his commitment to the particular category of sports. Some people will engage in sports just for fun. Hence beyond the fun element the degree of commitment has to be decided first. One’s own skill in that particular sport or in the position in which one wants to play in a team is to be assessed next. Only after doing these can one set a goal to achieve. This goal is to be set up in the general backdrop of the goal of one’s life thus to prioritize the goals. Though goal setting is the most important first step many sports persons are found to be lousy in their attitudes towards goal setting. Mark Anderson in his book â€Å"Doing Sport Psychology† brings out this attitude thus: â€Å"I anticipate getting virtually all players to complete this first stage of goal setting quickly and efficiently. But players offer various explanations for not completing the goal sheets. The poor response rate is frustrating†¦..I view non compliance as a form of resistance.† (PP 94) The goal should be set in a measurable manner with dates, times and amounts all fixed precisely. Only a measurement of the achievement can give psychological satisfaction. The performance should be the criteria of the measurement and not the outcome of the performance, that’s winning or failing, which could be due to lots of external factors like bad judgment or bad weather conditions. One must be able to ignore all the rewards and fame that would come along with winning and concentrate on one’s performance and its measurements. For this one has to set specific goals and not unrealistically high or conveniently low ones. Correct goal

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 40

Personal statement - Essay Example A Master’s Degree in Cass business school for Supply Chain Management or Investment Management will not only widen my professional horizon but will also increase my change for professional advancement by being more effective in the business organization. My name is Talal Alajou and I graduated with honors from University of Westminster with a degree in Bachelor of Science in Management. The key areas of study in the University of Westminster involved International Business, Entrepreneurship Theory to Practice, Marketing Management, Operation and Project Management among others. I also took International Foundation Programme in Humanities and Social Science in Kings College where I polished my academic English and engaged myself with international culture. My preparatory high school was spent in Saudi Arabia where I graduated valedictorian at The Kingdom Schools, Riyadh with an almost perfect grade of 98.30% or 3.93 GPA. In addition to my academic undertakings, I also enjoy doing volunteer work. Back home in Saudi Arabia, I am heavily engaged with charity work that looks after the orphans and I intend to continue this fulfilling undertaking for as long as I can do it. I am also culturally agile and bilingual. I have an international background and took formal study about culture at Kings College and this unique background put me in a better situation to easily understand and adjust to different kind of people coming. I believe this is an essential skill in a globalized working place where we have to work with people from different cultural and social background. I chose to pursue my graduate school in UK because of its welcoming attitude towards diversity. UK might have a deep European history but its inclusive environment welcomes people from different nationality particularly those students with Middle Eastern background. I chose to pursue my Master’s Degree in Cass business school in

The Eradication of Smallpox Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Eradication of Smallpox - Research Paper Example The present research has identified that since smallpox was spread by air, it was very difficult to contain it in congested human settlements such as cities.   Not until the discovery of medical vaccination were humans able to protect themselves against smallpox. While vaccination option remained controversial throughout, there is no doubt that it greatly helped contain the disease and save thousands of lives. The improvement in sanitary conditions in cities and hygiene levels in hospitals had also contributed to controlling the disease. As statistics from Britains National Health Service shows, the first stage in the elimination of smallpox was achieved during the middle of last century, when â€Å"virulent smallpox (variola) was replaced naturally in Britain by a milder type (alastrim), antigenically identical but with a much lower mortality (1 percent). This was then gradually eliminated by increased attention to isolation and contact tracing†. However, the threat of smal lpox still persisted as sporadic outbreaks of both these variants remained till the 1960s. But through a combination of vaccination, safety legislation and improvement in sanitary conditions, smallpox was completely eradicated from Europe and America by 1970. The World Health Organization was encouraged by the success in advanced countries and attempted to replicate this success in the rest of the world. But the medical community always had hope, for smallpox was an ideal candidate for eradication. For example, the immune system of the affected individual got boosted after about. Secondly, â€Å"the virus was antigenically stable (unlike influenza); there were no carriers (unlike typhoid) or animal reservoirs (unlike malaria)†. To add to this, effective vaccines were being developed. And the medical community was also aware that robust control measures can be implemented to contain an emerging epidemic. So in the 1970s, a worldwide eradication drive was implemented. Surveilla nce-containment was the buzzword associated with this drive. This involved â€Å"trained workers searching for cases, with rewards for those who found them.

Journal article review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal review - Article Example The same children perfectly conveyed probability concepts thru their own drawings, in which they described certain events that were impossible, likely and unlikely to happen. In other study, a teacher used an ordinary game with rolling dices, known to children of third grades, to convey the idea of experimental and theoretical probability. Children clearly understood how to use a fraction to represent theoretical probability of events, in this case, sum of the rolling dices. The author in her work described the methodology about how to teach a complex mathematical concept to students of third of graders. Probability – is a philosophical category, indicating the quantitative extent of the possible emergence of random events with fixed monitoring conditions, characterizing the stability of their relative frequencies. An elementary grade school teacher needs to convey this complex message to the small children. This is a difficult task, but has to be done. Educators task is to build strong foundations in the minds of those small children for future learning of mathematics. How to do it? This is where we need NCTM content and process standards. NCTM content and process standards describe in detail about how to accomplish this task. According to NCTM, educators need to build a curriculum focal point, to relate ideas, concepts, skills, and procedures that will serve the purpose of building foundation in children’s mind. To help the educators, NCTM has created a set of curriculum focal points. According to NCTM, it helps the educators to design and organize the next revisions of their expectations, standards, curriculum, and assessment programs. NCTM process standards emphasize on three things, (1) Problem Solving, (2) Reasoning and Proof, (3) Communication. I am now going to provide an analysis of Elaine Young’s article to demonstrate if it corresponds to NCTM content and process standards. The name of the article